第二十四章

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陈牧：今儒道沦丧，寡人甚忧之，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，丧乱以来，庠序隳废；议者或谓平世尚文，遭乱尚武，此言似之，而实不然。夫儒道深奥，不可仓猝而成。比天下平泰，然后修之，则废坠已久矣。又，贵游之子，未必有斩将搴旗之才，从军征戍之役，不及盛年使之讲肄道义，良可惜也。世道久丧，礼俗日弊，犹火之消膏，莫之觉也。今王业肇建，万物权舆，谓宜笃道崇儒，兴建太学，以励风化。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Today，ConfucianisM isindecline，Iamveryconcernedaboutthat，Sirtaughtmewhattodo？xiaofan：Ithink，Sincethewar，thesocialorderhasbecomechaotic，Somepeoplesaythatliteratureisadmiredinpeacetime，Andthewaryearsadvocatedforce，Thisisnotthecase，ConfuciansM issomethingveryprofound，Itisnotamatterofashorttimetopromoteit，Waituntiltheworldsettlesdown，andthenitwillbetoolatetodoit，Noblechildrendonotnecessarilyhavemilitarytalent，Theydidnotservelong，ItwouldbeapityiftheywerenottaughttolearnConfucianisM，Theworldhasbeeninchaosforalongtime，therefore，Socialillshaveaccumulatedalot，It'sjustnoteasytoobserve，Today，ourcountryisnotlonginitsexistence，Itistimeforeverythingtoberevived，Therefore，youshouldpromoteConfucianisM，Andschoolswereestablishedtoimprovesocialills。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲大化天下，而指挥如臂膀，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，君者，民之源也。源清则流清，源浊则流浊。故有社稷而不能爱民，不能利民，而求民之亲爱己，不可得也；民不亲不爱，而求其为己用，为己死，不可得也。民不为己用，不为己死，而求兵之劲，城之固，不可得也；兵不劲、城不固，而求敌之不至，不可得也。敌至而求无危削，不灭亡，不可得也，愿大王察之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Iwanttocivilizetheworld，AndIwantthemtofollowme，Sirtaughtmewhattodo？xiaofan：Ithink，Kingsarethesourceofthepeople，Onlywhenthesourceisclearwillthewaterflowbeclear，Ifthesourceisdirty，thenthewaterflowwillbedirty，Astherulerofthecountry，Ifhedoesnotlovethepeople，hedoesnotfavorthepeople，Itisimpossibletogetthepeopletosupporthim，Ifthepeopledonotsupportyou，Youwantthemtoworkhardforyou，Itisimpossibletodoso，Ifthepeopledonotembracethecountry，Thenthecombateffectivenessofthearmywillbelow，Thentheenemywilltaketheopportunitytoinvade，Even，thecountrywillgotoextinction，Ihopeyouwillseriouslyconsiderit。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲保关陇，固吾欲伐汉中，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，汉中可伐也，汉中太守乃清谈之士，好大言而不礼士民，夫好清谈之士在朝，则战士怠于行阵，而农夫惰于田。战士怠于行阵者，则兵弱也；农夫惰于田者，则国贫也。兵弱于敌，国贫于内，而不亡者，未之有也，伐之不亦可乎？大王勿疑。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人意决矣。chenmu：IwanttoprotecttheGuanlongarea，Therefore，IplantoattackHanzhong，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Iapproveofyoudoingso，MayorHanzhongisamanwholikestotalkbig，Andheisrudetopeople，Peoplelikehimgovern，thenthesoldierswillslack，Andfarmerswillreduceproduction，Thiswillleadtoadecreaseinthecombateffectivenessofthearmy，Andthecountrybecamepoorasaresult，Theircombateffectivenessisweak，Andthelocaleconomyispoor，Itisonlyamatteroftimebeforetheyperish，ItisnoproblemattackingHanzhong，Thereisnodoubtinthismatter，Pleasestandfirminyourconvictions。chenmu：Sirisright，Ihadadecisioninmyheart。陈牧：今人尚虚无而浮于事，寡人甚忧之，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，自丧乱以来，贱《经》尚道，以玄虚宏放为夷达，以儒术清俭为鄙俗。盖有不得已也，宜崇奖儒官，以新俗化。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Today，peoplereverenothingnessratherthanconcretethings，Iamveryconcernedaboutthat，Sir，teachmewhattodo？xiaofan：Ithink，Sincethewar，peoplehaveadmiredTaoisM andlookeddownonConfuciansM，TheyadvocateTaoistnihilisM，AndtheybelittleConfucianpragmatsM，Itwasaproductofaspecifichistoricalperiod，YoushouldpayattentiontoConfucianisM tochangethissituation。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人闻，《传》日，去食存信，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，民无信不立，昔项羽既入咸阳，已制天下，向能力行仁信，谁夺耶？仁、义、礼、智、信，谓之五常，废一不可。能勤而行之，甚有裨益。纣王背逆五常，武王夺之，项氏以无信为汉高祖所夺，愿大王鉴之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Iheard，Ifyouchoosebetweenfoodandcredit，thenyouhavetochoosecredit，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Peoplecannotstandwithoutcredit，Previously，XiangYuoccupiedXianyang，Hehastakenchargeoftheworld，Ifhecanpracticebenevolenceandrighteousnessandcredit，Thennoonecanbeathim，Benevolenceandrighteousnessandetiquetteandwisdomandcredit，Theyarethefiveprinciplesofbeinghuman，Itisindispensable，Ifyoucansticktoit，Thenyouwillbenefitforalifetime，KingShangviolatedtheseguidelines，So，hewasdefeatedbyKingWu，Alsobecauseofthis，XiangYuwasdefeatedbyKingHan，Ihopeyoulearnfromthis。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：自古帝王凡有兴造，必须贵顺物情，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，昔大禹凿九山，通九江，用人力极广，而无怨者，物情所欲，而众所共有故也。秦始皇营建宫室，而人多谤议者，为徇其私欲，不与众共故也。古人云，不作无益害有益。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Sinceancienttimes，kingshaveembarkedonaprojectthatmustcomplywiththewillofthepeople，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Previously，KingYuopeneduptheNineMountainsanddredgedtheNineRivers，Itcostsahugeamountoflabor，Butnoonecomplained，Becausethatisinlinewiththewillofthepeople，QinShiHuangbuiltalargenumberofpalaces，Peoplecomplainaboutthis，Itsatisfiesindividualdesiresratherthanthepublicgood，Theancientssaid，Personalinterestsdonotharmthepublicinterest。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人闻，莫乐之，则莫哀之；莫生之，则莫死之，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，人主能安其民，则民事其主，如事其父母。故主有忧则忧之，有难则死之。人主视民如土，则民不为用，主有忧则不忧，有难则不死。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，Ifyoucan'tmakehimhappy,thenhewon'tgrieveforyou，Ifyoudon'tnurturehim,thenhewon'tgivehislifeforyou，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Ifthekingcanappeasethepeople，Thenthepeoplewillsupportthiskingliketreatingtheirparents，Therefore,ifthekingisworried,thentheywillworryforhim，Ifthekingisintrouble,thentheywillfighttothedeathtosavehim，Ifthekingdoesnotvaluethepeople，Thenthepeoplewillnotworkhardforhim，Whenthekingisintrouble,thentheywillnotgivetheirlivesforhim。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。